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Pelvic organ prolapse: what you need to know
New Parent

Pelvic organ prolapse: what you need to know

2 min read
#complications #postpartum-symptoms
Key takeaways
2 min
  • Recognize that pelvic organ prolapse affects up to 50% of women after childbirth, making it much more common than previously thought.
  • Watch for three main symptom groups: urination problems (incontinence, weak stream), bowel issues (constipation, leakage), and sexual difficulties (pain, penetration problems).
  • Start with non-surgical treatments like Kegel exercises, increased water intake, and fiber-rich foods for mild symptoms.
  • Consider pessaries for severe symptoms as they effectively support pelvic organs and improve urination and sexual function.
  • Know that surgery is only needed in 14-19% of cases and is typically the last resort after other treatments fail.

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the uterus, bowel, or bladder moves out of place into the vagina due to weakened pelvic muscles. It affects up to 50% of women after childbirth, causing urinary, bowel, and sexual symptoms that can often be treated without surgery.

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Prolapse is when one or more of the pelvic organs, like the uterus, bowel, or bladder, moves out of place and into the vagina. Here's what you need to know if you think you have a prolapse. 

This condition is more common than you might expect 

There are no exact statistics on prolapse because women are too embarrassed to discuss these issues with a doctor. As a result, many go untreated. After giving birth, at least 24% of women report experiencing "embarrassing" symptoms [1].

However, many researchers believe that the problem is much more common and may affect up to 50% of women after childbirth [2]. This means it is time to end the stigma!

 The symptoms are different

Stress urinary incontinence is one of the most common symptoms of prolapse. However, problems with bowel movements and sex are also reasons to consult a gynecologist and seek a referral to a urologist.

There are three groups of symptoms that doctors use [3]:

I. Urination:

  • incontinence (including small, drop-by-drop leakage)

  • difficulty starting urination delayed urination (even with urge), the need for straining

  • weak urine stream

  • burning sensation in the urethra

  • feeling of incomplete bladder emptying 

II. Defecation:

  • constipation

  • stool leakage, uncontrollable urge

  • feeling of being unable to empty the bowel 

  • the need to use your fingers to assist in the passing of stool.

III. Sex:

  • the vagina is too wide (there are squelching sounds during sex)

  • pain during sexual intercourse

  • difficulties of penetration (including tampons or menstrual cups).

 

You can do without surgery

Women frequently remain silent about problems not only out of shame, but also because they are afraid of surgery. In fact, surgery is the last option for prolapse. Surgery is only prescribed in 14-19% of the cases [2].

You are able to ease the pain

If your symptoms are mild, Kegel exercises are an excellent option. You can also alleviate discomfort by drinking plenty of water and eating fiber-rich foods [4].

With severe symptoms, pessaries are used to support and hold the pelvic organs in place. They alleviate symptoms related to urination and sex. Unfortunately, they are ineffective for problems with defecation [3]. In this case, surgery may be the last resort.

Photo: shutterstock

Frequently asked questions

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the uterus, bowel, or bladder moves out of its normal position and drops into the vagina. This happens when the muscles and tissues supporting these organs become weakened, often after childbirth.

Research suggests that up to 50% of women may experience some form of pelvic organ prolapse after childbirth. At least 24% of women report experiencing related symptoms, though many cases go unreported due to embarrassment.

Yes, surgery is only needed in 14-19% of cases. Most women can manage symptoms through Kegel exercises, dietary changes, increased water intake, and pessaries for more severe cases.

Common symptoms include urinary incontinence, difficulty with urination, constipation, bowel leakage, pain during sex, and feeling like the vagina is too wide. Some women also experience a feeling of incomplete bladder or bowel emptying.

Yes, Kegel exercises are highly effective for mild prolapse symptoms as they strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Combined with proper hydration and fiber intake, they can significantly improve symptoms without medical intervention.

Medical Disclaimer

This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

Meet our medical experts

Medically reviewed content

Reviewed by healthcare professionals · Updated September 6, 2024

This article is based on peer-reviewed research and trusted medical sources.

  1. The epidemiology of pelvic floor disorders and childbirth: an update. Jennifer L. Hallock, Victoria
  2. Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Nir Haya, Benjamin Feiner, Kaven Baess
  3. American Urogynecologic Society. “Symptoms and Types.”
  4. Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenata

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